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普通话与方言
中国有很多，比如、闽南语和上海话。虽然这些听起来差别很大，但是书写系统是一样的。是中国的，以为基础。中国政府从1950年代开始，现在大多数中国年轻人都会说。
Tap underlined words for pinyin and meaning.
Chinese dialects are sometimes so different they are mutually unintelligible — a Cantonese speaker and a Shanghainese speaker cannot understand each other in speech, but can both read the same newspaper.
Cantonese (粤语) has 9 tones compared to Mandarin's 4 (plus neutral). It is spoken by over 80 million people in Guangdong, Hong Kong, Macau, and overseas Chinese communities.
The HSK (汉语水平考试) is the standardized Mandarin proficiency exam, similar to TOEFL for English. It has 9 levels and is recognized worldwide for study and employment.
Taiwan uses Traditional characters and calls Mandarin '國語' (guóyǔ, national language). Hong Kong uses Cantonese in daily speech but Traditional characters in writing.
1.What is Mandarin (普通话) based on?
2.Can speakers of different Chinese dialects understand each other in speech?
3.How many tones does Cantonese (粤语) have?
4.Despite different dialects, what do all Chinese speakers share?
5.When did China's government begin promoting Mandarin (普通话)?